CCND1 OVEREXPRESSION

细胞周期蛋白D在许多癌症类型中被证明是被错误调控的。细胞周期蛋白和它们激活的细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶（CDK）因其致癌特性而建立，在过去十年中一直是主要研究和开发工作的重点。细胞周期蛋白被错误调控的方法有很多变数，从基因组扩增到启动子甲基化变化。虽然细胞周期蛋白d2在胶质瘤中被发现有明显的调节错误，但细胞周期蛋白d1似乎是一种泛癌因子。在许多研究中，细胞周期蛋白D的错误调节已被证明会导致较差的结果，目前还没有FDA批准的靶向治疗。
Cyclin D has been shown in many cancer types to be misregulated. Well established for their oncogenic properties, the cyclins and the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK's) they activate have been the focus of major research and development efforts over the past decade. The methods by which the cyclins are misregulated are widely variable, and range from genomic amplification to promoter methylation changes. While Cyclin D2 has only been found to be significantly misregulated in glioma, Cyclin D1 in particular seems to be a pan-cancer actor. Cyclin D misregulation has been shown to lead to poorer outcomes in a number of studies, and currently there are no FDA-approved targeted therapies.