KRAS G12C

虽然Kras G12区域是广泛研究的癌症复发区域，但其对临床作用的影响仍存在争议。通常与其他驱动因素（egfr和alk）为野生型的肿瘤相关，这种突变患者的预后似乎比结直肠癌和胰腺癌患者的kras野生型队列更差，但这一假设需要进一步验证。这种突变，连同影响邻近的G13位置的突变，在用第一代tki（如吉非替尼）治疗时，可能导致反应性较低的肿瘤。然而，西妥昔单抗治疗可以延长结肠直肠患者的生存率。
While the KRAS G12 region is a widely studied recurrent region in cancer, its impact on clinical action is still debated. Often associated with tumors that are wild-type for other drivers (EGFR and ALK specifically), the prognosis for patients with this mutation seems to be worse than the KRAS wild-type cohort in patients with colorectal and pancreatic cancer, however this hypothesis is in need of further validation. This mutation, along with the mutations affecting the neighboring G13 position, may result in a less responsive tumor when treated with first-generation TKI's like gefitinib. However, cetuximab treatment was shown to extend survival in a cohort of colorectal patients.