SMAD2

由该基因编码的蛋白质属于smad，一个类似于果蝇基因‘母亲抗十五瘫’（mad）和秀丽隐杆线虫基因sma的基因产物的蛋白质家族。smad蛋白是介导多种信号通路的信号转导和转录调节因子。这种蛋白介导转化生长因子（tgf）-β的信号，从而调节多种细胞过程，如细胞增殖、凋亡和分化。该蛋白通过与受体激活的SMAD锚定蛋白（SARA）的相互作用被招募到TGFβ受体。作为对tgf-β信号的反应，该蛋白被tgf-β受体磷酸化。磷酸化诱导该蛋白与sara的分离，并与smad4家族成员相关联。与Smad4的结合对于该蛋白向细胞核的转运非常重要，在细胞核中它与靶启动子结合并与其他辅助因子形成转录抑制复合物。该蛋白也可以被激活素1型受体激酶磷酸化，并介导激活素的信号。另外，已经观察到该基因的剪接转录变体。[由RefSeq提供，2012年5月]
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. This protein is recruited to the TGF-beta receptors through its interaction with the SMAD anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein. In response to TGF-beta signal, this protein is phosphorylated by the TGF-beta receptors. The phosphorylation induces the dissociation of this protein with SARA and the association with the family member SMAD4. The association with SMAD4 is important for the translocation of this protein into the nucleus, where it binds to target promoters and forms a transcription repressor complex with other cofactors. This protein can also be phosphorylated by activin type 1 receptor kinase, and mediates the signal from the activin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]