免疫稳态主力军:调节性T细胞发育
#1
调节性T细胞
Foxp3+CD4+调节性T(Treg)细胞约占T细胞的5-7%,在预防自身免疫疾病和维持免疫稳态中起核心作用,但同时也是抗肿瘤免疫的主要障碍。
Treg细胞的主要特征是组成性高表达CD25(IL-2受体α链),和β和γ链形成高亲和力的IL-2受体,此外还表达抑制分子CTLA-4。
CTLA-4是一个关键Treg抑制性分子,在后期,CTLA-4水平逐渐降低,其他抑制分子如LAG3和IL-10增加来填补。
Treg细胞还利用多种抑制分子发挥抑制作用,包括IL-10、TGF-β,IL-35、TIGIT、CD39和CD73,也是抑制自身免疫重要力量。
#2
调节性T细胞发育
对Treg细胞发育的早期研究表明,出生两天,Foxp3+CD4+细胞出现在胸腺中,在第三天出现在外周。
备注:TRA: tissue-restricted antigens, 组织限制性抗原; mTECs:medullary thymic epithelial cells, 髓质胸腺上皮细胞
很多研究工作集中在确定Treg细胞分化启动和完全执行的胸腺区域。
这些信号是如何传递的,以及它们是否必须按一定的顺序,仍然是一个热门研究领域。阳性选择的胸腺细胞进入髓质,在那里他们遇到一组APC递呈的自身pMHC-II配体和辅助信号。
#3
MHC-II自身抗原--Treg自身耐受的形成
#4
寻求稳定性:Treg细胞表观遗传程序
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